Low testosterone: symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

A man in his fifties jogging in a park early in the morning, seen from behind
Illustrative image

In short

  • Testosterone falls gently with age, but a true deficiency is not the rule.
  • It mainly shows as low desire, erection problems and fatigue.
  • Diagnosis relies on symptoms and two morning blood tests.
  • Treatment is decided case by case and needs regular follow-up.
LowNormalMorning blood test

Signs of a deficiency

These signs should raise the possibility:

  • Lower sex drive and fewer morning erections
  • Erection problems
  • Fatigue, low energy, low mood
  • Loss of muscle, fat gain around the waist

How is it confirmed?

Testosterone is measured with a morning blood test, when levels are highest, preferably fasting. A low result must be confirmed by a second test. The andrologist also checks other hormones to find the cause.

Causes

A low level can come from:

  • Excess weight, diabetes, metabolic syndrome
  • Lack of sleep, stress, certain medicines
  • A disease of the testicles or the pituitary gland
  • Age, gradually

Treatment

Correcting the cause (weight loss, sleep, diabetes control) often brings levels back up. When a deficiency is confirmed and troublesome, testosterone treatment as a gel or injection may be offered, with regular blood and prostate monitoring.

It is not suitable for a man who wants to have a child, as it reduces sperm production.

Frequently asked questions

Does testosterone build muscle?

In a man with a genuine deficiency, treatment can improve muscle mass and energy. In a man with normal levels, it is not indicated and carries risks.

Is treatment for life?

Not necessarily: if the cause is corrected, levels can return to normal. Follow-up allows the treatment to be adjusted.

Learn more

More advice

This information is general and does not replace a consultation. In an emergency, call 112.
Article published by Dr Ayhan Bakar, urologist in Brussels (INAMI 17718534450).
Reference: European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines.

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